Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 14 Researches
6.3
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.4
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 5 Tablets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
50%
Calcium (as calcium citrate)
1,000 mg
77%
Magnesium (as magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate)
500 mg
119%
Sodium
20 mg
<1%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
4
Vitamin D3 does not prevent stones
We assessed how two different vitamin D3 repletion protocols affect patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency. This was a controlled clinical trial involving 62 participants who had low levels of vitamin D and were prone to kidney stones. We administered either 2000 IU of cholecalciferol daily for 12 weeks or 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks.
Both treatment approaches resulted in a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium levels; however, there was no difference between the two methods. Importantly, neither regimen increased the supersaturation of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are substances that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
We also observed a notable increase in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, particularly in the weekly high-dose group, and a decline in serum parathyroid hormone in both groups. Despite these changes, it's crucial to highlight that our findings indicate no significant advantages in preventing kidney stones from vitamin D3 treatment alone.
Both treatment approaches resulted in a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium levels; however, there was no difference between the two methods. Importantly, neither regimen increased the supersaturation of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are substances that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
We also observed a notable increase in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, particularly in the weekly high-dose group, and a decline in serum parathyroid hormone in both groups. Despite these changes, it's crucial to highlight that our findings indicate no significant advantages in preventing kidney stones from vitamin D3 treatment alone.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
No kidney issues
4 people found this helpful
Excellent calcium with confirmed efficiency through analysis. There is no parathyroidism, so these pills provide complete replacement. It works well, and the citrate form doesn't accumulate in the kidneys like carbonates, although it is somewhat pricey.
Read More
7.5
Helps with kidney stones
A great combination of vitamins that has been beneficial for my recurring kidney stones. Research supports its efficacy, and my doctors agree.
Read More
7.5
Alkalinises urine
1 people found this helpful
This complex contains two magnesium forms, though the proportions are unclear, making its effectiveness uncertain. Magnesium oxide is poorly absorbed and irritates the intestine but serves as a laxative. Conversely, magnesium citrate helps reduce kidney stone formation and alkalinises urine while enhancing sleep. It is a cost-effective, highly bioavailable magnesium option.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 14 Researches
6.3
- All Researches
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We analyzed how magnesium levels in urine might influence the occurrence of kidney stones. The study involved a mix of 468 patients who had been diagnosed with various types of urinary stones and underwent a detailed 24-hour urine analysis.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Read More
8
We analyzed a study focused on the effects of a combination of probiotics, potassium, and magnesium on kidney stone formation, specifically looking at crystalluria, which is the presence of crystals in urine that can signal the recurrence of kidney stones. The study involved 23 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones who had crystalluria but normal metabolic profiles.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
8
We aimed to find out how magnesium affects urinary levels of magnesium and citrate in people who form kidney stones and have low magnesium in their urine. By examining medical records, we compared two approaches: one group increased their magnesium through foods, while the other group received magnesium supplements.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.4
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
No kidney issues
4 people found this helpful
Excellent calcium with confirmed efficiency through analysis. There is no parathyroidism, so these pills provide complete replacement. It works well, and the citrate form doesn't accumulate in the kidneys like carbonates, although it is somewhat pricey.
Read More
7.5
Helps with kidney stones
A great combination of vitamins that has been beneficial for my recurring kidney stones. Research supports its efficacy, and my doctors agree.
Read More
7.5
Alkalinises urine
1 people found this helpful
This complex contains two magnesium forms, though the proportions are unclear, making its effectiveness uncertain. Magnesium oxide is poorly absorbed and irritates the intestine but serves as a laxative. Conversely, magnesium citrate helps reduce kidney stone formation and alkalinises urine while enhancing sleep. It is a cost-effective, highly bioavailable magnesium option.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Alkalinises urine
1 people found this helpful
This complex contains two magnesium forms, though the proportions are unclear, making its effectiveness uncertain. Magnesium oxide is poorly absorbed and irritates the intestine but serves as a laxative. Conversely, magnesium citrate helps reduce kidney stone formation and alkalinises urine while enhancing sleep. It is a cost-effective, highly bioavailable magnesium option.
7.5
Helps with kidney stones
A great combination of vitamins that has been beneficial for my recurring kidney stones. Research supports its efficacy, and my doctors agree.
9
No kidney issues
4 people found this helpful
Excellent calcium with confirmed efficiency through analysis. There is no parathyroidism, so these pills provide complete replacement. It works well, and the citrate form doesn't accumulate in the kidneys like carbonates, although it is somewhat pricey.
4
We explored the effects of cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3, on kidney stone formers dealing with vitamin D deficiency. Our study involved 33 participants, where we evaluated their calcium excretion and urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate and brushite both before and after vitamin D3 supplementation. Participants received a high initial dose followed by regular maintenance doses, all while adhering to a structured diet with a controlled amount of calcium intake.
After the supplementation, we observed some notable changes. While serum calcium and phosphate levels remained stable, the level of vitamin D3 in the blood saw a significant increase. This led to more kidney stone formers experiencing higher urinary calcium levels. Notably, the percentage of participants with hypercalciuria grew from 18.2% to 39.4%. We also noted an increase in urine supersaturation for brushite, hinting at a potential risk for stone formation.
Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D3 supplementation can elevate vitamin D levels, it may also increase urinary calcium and the risk of recurrences for kidney stones. Consequently, careful monitoring of urinary metabolic profiles for patients receiving vitamin D may be necessary to tailor preventive strategies effectively.
After the supplementation, we observed some notable changes. While serum calcium and phosphate levels remained stable, the level of vitamin D3 in the blood saw a significant increase. This led to more kidney stone formers experiencing higher urinary calcium levels. Notably, the percentage of participants with hypercalciuria grew from 18.2% to 39.4%. We also noted an increase in urine supersaturation for brushite, hinting at a potential risk for stone formation.
Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D3 supplementation can elevate vitamin D levels, it may also increase urinary calcium and the risk of recurrences for kidney stones. Consequently, careful monitoring of urinary metabolic profiles for patients receiving vitamin D may be necessary to tailor preventive strategies effectively.
5
We explored the connection between vitamin D3 supplementation and kidney stones in individuals with no identifiable causes for their stones. Our study examined a group of 456 idiopathic stone formers to find out how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among them. We discovered that a significant portion—31%—were deficient in vitamin D, while 57% were insufficient, and only 12% were at healthy levels.
To see if supplementing vitamin D3 would provide benefits, we gave 37 of these vitamin D-deficient patients a weekly dose of 20,000 IU for four months. While we noted that this supplementation raised serum vitamin D levels and reduced parathyroid hormone concentrations, the increase in urinary calcium excretion after treatment did not reach statistical significance.
Interestingly, 22 patients had higher calcium levels in their urine, but others experienced a decrease or no change. What’s crucial here is that six patients who were initially normal concerning calcium levels ended up developing hypercalciuria after treatment. This means we should carefully monitor patients who receive vitamin D3 to ensure that they do not experience unexpected increases in calcium excretion that could raise the risk of kidney stones.
To see if supplementing vitamin D3 would provide benefits, we gave 37 of these vitamin D-deficient patients a weekly dose of 20,000 IU for four months. While we noted that this supplementation raised serum vitamin D levels and reduced parathyroid hormone concentrations, the increase in urinary calcium excretion after treatment did not reach statistical significance.
Interestingly, 22 patients had higher calcium levels in their urine, but others experienced a decrease or no change. What’s crucial here is that six patients who were initially normal concerning calcium levels ended up developing hypercalciuria after treatment. This means we should carefully monitor patients who receive vitamin D3 to ensure that they do not experience unexpected increases in calcium excretion that could raise the risk of kidney stones.
References
- Sardari Masihi L, Borumandnia N, Taheri M, Basiri A, Imani H, et al. Effect of two vitamin D repletion protocols on 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28:246. doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01226-z
- Vitale C, Marangella M, Bermond F, Fabbrini L, Tricerri A. Metabolic effects of cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and vitamin D deficiency. World J Urol. 2021;39:597. doi:10.1007/s00345-020-03222-y
- Vitale C, Tricerri A, Bermond F, Fabbrini L, Guiotto C, et al. [Metabolic effects of Cholecalciferol supplementation in kidney stone formers with vitamin D deficiency]. G Ital Nefrol. 2018;35.
- Johri N, Jaeger P, Ferraro PM, Shavit L, Nair D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among idiopathic stone formers, but does correction pose any risk?. Urolithiasis. 2017;45:535. doi:10.1007/s00240-016-0954-x
- Ran Y, Liu Z, Ma H, Li C, Zhou J, et al. Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of developing kidney stones: Results from NHANES (2013-2018)-based and Mendelian randomization studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e41323. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000041323
- Zhang J, Luo H, Wu H, Qian Y, Tang Z, et al. The association between domestic water hardness and kidney stone disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Int J Surg. 2025;111:1957. doi:10.1097/JS9.0000000000002198
- Ma L, Qiao Y, Wang R, Chen H, Liu G, et al. Machine Learning Models Decoding the Association Between Urinary Stone Diseases and Metabolic Urinary Profiles. Metabolites. 2024;14. doi:10.3390/metabo14120674
- Zhao H, Wang Y, Guan L, Sun Y. Association Between Magnesium Intake and Chronic Kidney Diseases and Kidney Stones in Adults Aged 50 years and Older: Dose-Response Analysis of a Nationally Representative Population-Based Study. J Ren Nutr. 2024. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.004
- Vittori M, Bove P, Signoretti M, Cipriani C, Gasparoli C, et al. Oral supplementation with probiotics, potassium citrate, and magnesium in reducing crystalluria in stone formers: A phase II study. Urologia. 2024;91:681. doi:10.1177/03915603241272146
- Taheri M, Jalali S, Borumandnia N, Tavasoli S, Basiri A, et al. Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:12. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0524
- Penniston KL, Coughlin MM, Jhagroo RA. Magnesium Supplementation Increases Urine Magnesium and Citrate in Stone Formers With Hypomagnesuria. J Ren Nutr. 2024. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2024.06.002
- Li Q, Krieger NS, Yang L, Asplin J, Bushinsky DA. Magnesium Decreases Urine Supersaturation but Not Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats. Nephron. 2024;148:480. doi:10.1159/000534495
- Shringi S, Raker CA, Tang J. Dietary Magnesium Intake and Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. R I Med J (2013). 2023;106:20.
- Rodriguez-Hesles CA, Alkhatatbeh H, Alonso Bartolomé MB, Valladares Ferreiro CA, Ayllón Blanco HR, et al. Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2025;97:13824. doi:10.4081/aiua.2025.13824
